Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University
Agartala, Tripura, India
http://www.iutripura.edu.in

Marketing Communications (Certificate)

Marketing communication has undergone drastic changes over the last few years. In the past, marketers communicated through a limited number of marketing communication tools like advertising, sales promotions or sales personnel; the number of media options ¾ like radio, television or print media at their disposal was also limited. In the last couple of decades though, fragmentation of traditiona......
 

Today, the service sector contributes more than 50 percent to India’s GDP. This is a far cry from the situation a few decades ago, when India was basically an agricultural economy. This shift from manufacturing and agriculture to services is being witnessed in countries all over the world. With the increasing prominence of services in the global economy, Services Marketing has become a sub......
 

The sales function has evolved considerably over the years, as markets and consumers have become more and more sophisticated. The trends that have shaped the sales function include shorter product life cycles, longer and more complex sales cycles, reduced customer loyalty, intense competition among manufacturing firms, rising customer expectations, increasing buyer expertise, electronic revolut......
 

The operation of the Indian Tax system by and large is akin to the International Tax System. Indirect Taxes is one of its components - the other being Direct Taxes. Indirect taxes are collected from the taxpayers indirectly. These taxes have no correlation with the earnings of the taxpayers. Excise Duty, Customs Duty, Service Tax, Sales Tax and Octroi are some types of taxes that fall under thi......
 

Tax reforms in India over the years have been subjected to significant changes caused by the changing perception and role of Taxation in the country’s economic fabric. Direct taxes in the form of Income Tax, Wealth Tax, Gift Tax, Expenditure Tax, Interest Tax and Estate duty tax have been undergoing continuous changes due to the demands of the economy. It is against this background that th......
 

Investments play a crucial role in the success of insurance companies. The money collected as premiums are utilized in meeting the administrative expenses, settling the customer claims and also for investing in high yield financial instruments. Such investments also contribute a major share of income for the insurance companies, which enable them to generate profit for their shareholders. Stock......
 

Reinsurance is a risk transfer mechanism adopted by insurance companies as part of their risk management activity. It enables insurance companies to expand their capacity. It also enables them to stablize underwriting results. Reinsurance can be defined as a contract by which an insurer is to be indemnified against any loss, which he may sustain by reason of being himself compelled to indemnify......
 

The key players in the financial system all over the world are banks. They perform the function of financial intermediation in an effective manner. Banks in many nations have internationalized their operations. The globalization of banks witnessed across the world has resulted in the manifold increase of their scale of operations insofar that the concept of international banking has evolved int......
 

During the recent years, we have seen headlines about changes in interest rates several times. Changes in interest rates and other changes in the financial environment have a lot of impact on the life of every individual �savings, family, health spending, job changes �there is no aspect in an individual’s life that is not affected by such changes. Personal Financial Planning provides the tool......
 

Small investors face trouble in managing their money for varied reasons like, limited resources, lack of professional advice and professional information. Mutual funds have come as a boon to these investors. A mutual fund is a financial intermediary set up as a trust to raise funds through the sale of units to public or a section of public, under one or more schemes, for investing in securities......
 

Integration of financial markets across the globe has widened the avenues for investment, especially for the corporates. These avenues have brought along with them returns as well as risks of investing in them. Since risks and returns go hand in hand, corporates cannot do away with the associated risk completely. They can, however, mitigate or manage the risk. Of late, risk management/mitigatio......
 

Financial services are especially important in a growing economy for imparting the necessary thrust to economic growth. In view of this position occupied by financial services, it is imperative for policy makers and field-level functionaries alike to have an understanding of these services. This aspect assumes even greater importance in the contemporary financial structure, which is exposed to ......
 

Liberalization and globalization of economies in the recent years has increased the prominence of International Finance, which prompted finance managers to concentrate on the international perspective as well. With an increase in the cross-border trade, people from various countries are coming forward to trade with the people of other nations. When trading with different nations, different curr......
 

Auditing begins where accounting ends. Traditionally, audit is a systematic and independent examination of books of accounts of a business with the related documents and vouchers. It enables the auditors to satisfy themselves that the balance sheet and profit and loss account are properly drawn up so as to give a true and fair view of state of affairs of the business for the financial period ac......
 

With the advent of the new Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) regime in 2005, the Indian pharmaceuticals industry has entered a new era. In the recent past, the Indian pharmaceutical industry has shown tremendous progress in terms of infrastructure development, creation of technology base, and diversification of product range, and now has the capability to manufacture bulk drugs belonging to al......
 

The supply chain and logistics industry, which broadly covers freight transportation, warehousing, packaging, customs clearing and forwarding, inventory management, labeling, and order processing, has benefited from the growth of the Indian economy in general and the manufacturing and services sector in particular. The major industries contributing to the logistics market include pharmaceuti......
 

India has 297 million hectares of land, of which over 54% is arable. India is the third largest producer of agri-products and processed food, just behind the US and China. The Indian processed food industry is estimated to be Rs. 6 trillion and is growing at a rate of 10%. Export of processed food has been around Rs.370 billion and is growing at 8%. The Indian food processing industry is bec......
 

While the Indian economy is forging ahead and household incomes too are rising, quality healthcare is increasingly an area of concern for many people. On the one hand, there has been a drastic rise in lifestyle diseases in cities and, on the other, there has been a rising awareness about health and health insurance. These have fuelled the growth of the healthcare industry. The size of the In......
 

Financial reforms in India started in 1991. The beneficiaries were the capital markets, and the banking, mutual funds, and insurance sectors. The reforms resulted in the more efficient allocation of resources and in fuelling economic growth. With the growth of the economy, the financial system became ever more important as a facilitator of economic growth. The capital market reforms have led......
 

India’s telecom sector has been one of the greatest success stories of recent times. India is now among the fastest growing telecom markets in the world. Supportive government policies, coupled with private participation, have fuelled the unprecedented expansion of this industry. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), formed in 1997 to regulate both the government and the pri......
 

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