National Open School
New Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, India
http://www.nios.ac.in

Air Conditioning

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Six Months...
 

Poulry farming in India was mostly a backyard venture till 1960s. Indigenous chicken constituted the major share. Their productivity was around 60-70 eggs per bird per year. During the past three decades the poultry scenario in the country has changed dramatically. Today poultry farming has transformed itself into an organized industry. It plays a major role in the fight against malnutrition an......
 

With travel increasing day-by-day, whether it is for business, pleasure or for any other reason, there is a mushrooming growth of hotels-big and small. At the same time there is a demand for people to work in these hotels. Most people working in smaller hotels learn on the jobs which proves expensive. Hence there is a growing demand for trained persons who are able to perform the basic front of......
 

Good childcare facilities for young, non school going children has become a must as more and more young mothers have started working. Such facilities not only take physical care of the children but also look after the mental or cognitive needs of the children under their care. Hence there is a great need to develop trained personnel to run such play centres. 2. OBJECTIVES After going th......
 

In this day and age it has become imperative to process and preserve the food being produced in one porticular area in order to make it available to people in other areas. This has given rise to a very important industry of food processing which is being done both on a large scale as well as on a small scale i.e., as a cottage industry. It has thus become necessary to train presonnel to set up ......
 

It is becoming common for people to go out for a dinner or a snack. The roadsides are dotted by dhabas serving hot, wholesome meals. In order to cater to this growing business of catering, it becomes essential to have trained personnel who understand food science and the importance of maintaining hygiene in places where food is prepared and Served. 2. OBJECTIVES After going through this c......
 

While the course may be used by a lay person for personal enrichment, it has been felt that there is a growing demand for trained housekeeping personnel who can give a professional touch to housekeeping wherever they work in hotels, guest houses, hospitals, offices, shopping complex resorts, etc. This course will enable all learners to give that professional edge to their housekeeping skills. ......
 

Electro-Plating may be defined as the Science and art of electro deposition of relatively thin film of an adherent metallic coating upon an electrode for the purposes of securing a surface with properties or dimensions different from those of the base metal. Keeping in view of readership of the module, every effort has been made to present the subject matter in simple language and style. Vario......
 

Carpentry is one of the oldest craft and has been in vogue from time immemorial. A good carpenter can always find gainful employment even in villages with poor purchasing power. In urban and semi-urban areas furniture and cabinet making is extensively used for meeting the needs of elite and commercial organizations. This module is designed to train technicians who can manufacture various articl......
 

Mushrooms have attracted the attention of man for their exceptional nutritive value and export value. Mushroom production is emerging in India as a promising agrobased enterprise. It is also getting very popular among unemployed youth, farmers, rural labourers, house wives and small scale entrepreneurs. Mushroom cultivation is an ideal vocation as it brings a return of over 150 percent in just ......
 

In India irrigation potential is created so that in future more land can be irrigated. In the present system hardly 50 percent of the cultivated land is inigated and the irrigation water is not being utilized properly leading to more wastage than its use by crop. While chemical fertilizers supplement the low nutrient supplying capacity of the soil, there is no substitute of water for production......
 

Agricultural crops suffer heavily due to diseases and pests. It is essential to have basic knowledge about the plant pathogens, the different kinds of diseases caused by them on various crops and the methods of managing the diseases to avoid the enormous losses caused by the diseases. As plant protection is indispensable, job opportunities will be available to the persons having the basic knowl......
 

Stenography Urdu has been developed keeping in mind its utility in Urdu publication houses/journals, print and electronic media. It has got good employment opportunities - both self employment and wage employment. The course is being offered as a subject at Sr. Secondary Level in combination with other Academic Subject or as a ‘Stand-alone�subject. 2. Objectives This course aims at ena......
 

Stenography comprises skills in Shorthand, Transcription and Typewriting. It is indispensible in business, profession, vocation and administration–wherever it is desirable to have a quick and verbatim record of the spoken words. This skill is being included in the curriculum as many students have the aptitude towards this particular area. Besides, its knowledge provides early employment opport......
 

Necessity is the mother of invention. In early days, man used to write with hand. With the increase in work, necessity arose to invent machines. Slowly machines took the place of handwriting. Typewriter since then came into existence. Typewriting Hindi/English course proposes to acquaint the learner with the art of Typewriting and thus acquire a vocational skill for the purpose of employment. ......
 

Welding is a process of joining two or more parts of metal. It provides a permanent joint. Most of the materials can be welded by one process or the other. Welding is comparatively a new comer amongest the fabrication processes. Though there are a number of well-established welding processes but arc welding with coated electrodes is still the most popular welding process in all over the world. ......
 

It is a great delight to be able to bake delicious cakes and pastries. All it needs is a bit of skill and training to be able to do this. Baking is an art which does not need a lot of heavy infrastructure and one can easily start earning with a small unit at home. 2. OBJECTIVES After going through this course, the students will be able to: develop skill in various baking procedures; ......
 

The popularization of biogas has produced beneficial effects on exploration of energy, fertilizers and improvement of hygiene, farming and ecological environment. In India, we have more than one million biogas plants in rural areas, and every year we add thirty to forty thousand plants. There is a need for a large number of biogas technicians capable of installation and maintenance of these pla......
 

Solar energy is a largest renewable resource freely available everywhere in adequate amounts, making it one of the most promising, clean, non-pollution source. Currently a number of solar energy devices like solar cooker, solar water heater, solar photovoltaic pumps and solar photovoltaic lighting systems are gaining popularity. There is a need for generating manpower for installing and managi......
 

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